Entry Part of
speech
Definition Plural Verb
1st present
Verb
3rd past
Verb
3rd present habitual
Verb
2nd imperative
Verb
3rd infinitive
Sentence
rrd
ᎦᎾᏫᏗᎭ
ganawidiha
gạnạwidiha
vt He is carrying it (something alive) or it (something flexible) off

ᏥᎾᏫᏗᎠ
tsinawidia
tsinạwidịɁa
ᎤᎾᏫᏛᎲᎢ
unawidvhvi
unạwidvhv²³Ɂi
ᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎪᎢ
ganawidisgoi
gạnạwidisgo³Ɂi
ᎯᎾᏫᏓ
hinawida
hinạwida
ᎤᎾᏫᏘᏗ
unawitdi
unạwitdi



Initial Prefixes
YI
JI
WI
NI
DE
DA
DI
I
GA
E


SUBJECT
OBJECT
1SG 2SG 3SGAN 3SGIN 1DLINCL 1DLEXCL 1PLINCL 1PLEXCL 2DL 2PL 3PLAN 3PLIN
1SG
ᎬᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gvnawidiha
ᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
tsinawidiha
ᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
tsinawidiha




ᏍᏛᎾᏫᏗᎭ
sdvnawidiha
ᎢᏨᎾᏫᏗᎭ
itsvnawidiha
ᎦᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gatsinawidiha
ᏕᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
detsinawidiha
2SG ᏍᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
sginawidiha

ᎯᎾᏫᏗᎭ
hinawidiha
ᎯᎾᏫᏗᎭ
hinawidiha
ᏍᎩᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
sgininawidiha


ᎢᏍᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
isginawidiha


ᎦᎯᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gahinawidiha
ᏕᎯᎾᏫᏗᎭ
dehinawidiha
3SG ᎠᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
aginawidiha
ᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
tsinawidiha
ᎦᎾᏫᏗᎭ
ganawidiha
ᎦᎾᏫᏗᎭ
ganawidiha
ᎩᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gininawidiha
ᎣᎩᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
ogininawidiha
ᎢᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
iginawidiha
ᎣᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
oginawidiha
ᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
sdinawidiha
ᎢᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
itsinawidiha
ᏕᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
deginawidiha
ᏕᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
deginawidiha
1DLINCL

ᎡᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
eninawidiha
ᎢᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
ininawidiha






ᎨᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
geninawidiha
ᏕᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
deninawidiha
1DLEXCL
ᏍᏛᎾᏫᏗᎭ
sdvnawidiha
ᎣᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
osdinawidiha
ᎣᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
osdinawidiha




ᏍᏛᎾᏫᏗᎭ
sdvnawidiha
ᎢᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
itsinawidiha
ᎪᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gosdinawidiha
ᏙᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
dosdinawidiha
1PLINCL

ᎡᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
edinawidiha
ᎢᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
idinawidiha






ᎨᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gedinawidiha
ᏕᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
dedinawidiha
1PLEXCL
ᎢᏨᎾᏫᏗᎭ
itsvnawidiha
ᎣᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
otsinawidiha
ᎣᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
otsinawidiha






ᎪᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gotsinawidiha
ᏙᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
dotsinawidiha
2DL ᏍᎩᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
sgininawidiha

ᎡᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
esdinawidiha
ᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
sdinawidiha

ᏍᎩᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
sgininawidiha

ᎢᏍᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
isginawidiha


ᎨᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gesdinawidiha
ᏕᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
desdinawidiha
2PL ᎢᏍᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
isginawidiha

ᎡᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
etsinawidiha
ᎢᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
itsinawidiha

ᎢᏍᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
isginawidiha




ᎨᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
getsinawidiha
ᏕᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
detsinawidiha
3PL ᎬᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gvginawidiha
ᎨᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
getsinawidiha
ᎠᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
aninawidiha
ᎠᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
aninawidiha
ᎨᎩᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gegininawidiha
ᎪᎩᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gogininawidiha
ᎨᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
geginawidiha
ᎪᎩᎾᏫᏗᎭ
goginawidiha
ᎨᏍᏗᎾᏫᏗᎭ
gesdinawidiha
ᎨᏥᎾᏫᏗᎭ
getsinawidiha
ᏓᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
daninawidiha
ᏓᏂᎾᏫᏗᎭ
daninawidiha

* disclaimer - conjugations may be incorrect - they are for potential reference only

Show/Hide Transliteration

Present tense: actions that are ongoing in the present moment.
Present tense is constructed by adding appropriate prefixes to the present tense verb stem. The verb stem is the verb root plus the tense suffix along (either -a or -i for present tense) with changes to the root caused by sound juxtapositions.
To find the present tense stem, remove the prefixes from the "Verb 1st present" entry. Unless there are other pre-pronominal prefixes required for this verb (like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-), those prefixes are either:
  • For "set A" verbs: g- (before stems beginning in a vowel), ji- (before stems beginning in a consonant), or jiya- (when there is an animate object receiving the action of the verb).
  • For "set B" verbs: agw- (before stems beginning in a vowel) or agi- (before stems beginning in a consonant).
  • Jiy- or jiya- (when there is an animate object (like a person) receiving the action of the verb).
    Thus, the basic present tense is:
    *pronominal prefixes + verb root (along with sound changes) + present tense suffix (a or i)
    (*plus any obligatory pre-pronominal prefixes required for this specific verb, like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-).
    Additional prefixes and suffixes can be added to modify the meaning of most verbs. Explanations of these can be found in the following resources:
    Feeling, Durbin. 1975. Cherokee-English dictionary. ed. by William Pulte. Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.
    Montgomery-Anderson, Brad. 2015. Cherokee Reference Grammar. University of Oklahoma Press.