Entry Part of
speech
Definition Plural Verb
1st present
Verb
3rd past
Verb
3rd present habitual
Verb
2nd imperative
Verb
3rd infinitive
Sentence
ced
ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
adelohosga
a¹de²lọ²ho²sga
vt he's finding it out

ᎦᏕᎶᎣᏍᎦ
gadeloosga
gạ²de²lọ²Ɂo²sga
ᎤᏕᎶᎰᏒᎢ
udelohosvi
u¹de²lọ²ho²sv²³Ɂi
ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎪᎢ
adelohosgoi
a¹de¹lọ²ho²sgo³Ɂi
ᎭᏕᎶᎰᎯ
hadelohohi
hạ²de²lọ²ho²³hi
ᎤᏕᎶᎰᎯᏍᏗ
udelohohisdi
u²de²lọ²ho²hị³sdi
ᎤᏕᎶᎰᏒ ᎠᏥᎶᏄᎡᏍᎬᎢ.
Udelohosv ajilonuesgvi.
He found out that he was being cheated.

Initial Prefixes
YI
JI
WI
NI
DE
DA
DI
I
GA
E


SUBJECT
OBJECT
1SG 2SG 3SGAN 3SGIN 1DLINCL 1DLEXCL 1PLINCL 1PLEXCL 2DL 2PL 3PLAN 3PLIN
1SG
ᎬᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gvyadelohosga
ᏥᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
tsiyadelohosga
ᎦᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gadelohosga




ᏍᏛᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
sdvyadelohosga
ᎢᏨᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
itsvyadelohosga
ᎦᏥᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gatsiyadelohosga
ᏕᎦᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
degadelohosga
2SG ᏍᏆᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
squadelohosga

ᎯᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
hiyadelohosga
ᎭᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
hadelohosga
ᏍᎩᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
sginadelohosga


ᎢᏍᎩᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
isgiyadelohosga


ᎦᎯᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gahiyadelohosga
ᏕᎭᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
dehadelohosga
3SG ᎠᏆᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
aquadelohosga
ᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
tsadelohosga
ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
adelohosga
ᎦᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gadelohosga
ᎩᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
ginadelohosga
ᎣᎩᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
oginadelohosga
ᎢᎦᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
igadelohosga
ᎣᎦᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
ogadelohosga
ᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
sdadelohosga
ᎢᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
itsadelohosga
ᏕᎦᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
degadelohosga
ᏕᎦᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
degadelohosga
1DLINCL

ᎡᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
enadelohosga
ᎢᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
inadelohosga






ᎨᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
genadelohosga
ᏕᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
denadelohosga
1DLEXCL
ᏍᏛᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
sdvyadelohosga
ᎣᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
osdadelohosga
ᎣᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
osdadelohosga




ᏍᏛᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
sdvyadelohosga
ᎢᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
itsadelohosga
ᎪᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gosdadelohosga
ᏙᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
dosdadelohosga
1PLINCL

ᎡᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
edadelohosga
ᎢᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
idadelohosga






ᎨᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gedadelohosga
ᏕᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
dedadelohosga
1PLEXCL
ᎢᏨᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
itsvyadelohosga
ᎣᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
otsadelohosga
ᎣᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
otsadelohosga






ᎪᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gotsadelohosga
ᏙᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
dotsadelohosga
2DL ᏍᎩᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
sginadelohosga

ᎡᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
esdadelohosga
ᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
sdadelohosga

ᏍᎩᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
sginadelohosga

ᎢᏍᎩᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
isgiyadelohosga


ᎨᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gesdadelohosga
ᏕᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
desdadelohosga
2PL ᎢᏍᎩᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
isgiyadelohosga

ᎡᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
etsadelohosga
ᎢᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
itsadelohosga

ᎢᏍᎩᏯᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
isgiyadelohosga




ᎨᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
getsadelohosga
ᏕᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
detsadelohosga
3PL ᎬᏆᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gvquadelohosga
ᎨᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
getsadelohosga
ᎠᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
anadelohosga
ᎠᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
anadelohosga
ᎨᎩᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
geginadelohosga
ᎪᎩᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
goginadelohosga
ᎨᎦᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gegadelohosga
ᎪᎦᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gogadelohosga
ᎨᏍᏓᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
gesdadelohosga
ᎨᏣᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
getsadelohosga
ᏓᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
danadelohosga
ᏓᎾᏕᎶᎰᏍᎦ
danadelohosga

* disclaimer - conjugations may be incorrect - they are for potential reference only

Show/Hide Transliteration

Present tense: actions that are ongoing in the present moment.
Present tense is constructed by adding appropriate prefixes to the present tense verb stem. The verb stem is the verb root plus the tense suffix along (either -a or -i for present tense) with changes to the root caused by sound juxtapositions.
To find the present tense stem, remove the prefixes from the "Verb 1st present" entry. Unless there are other pre-pronominal prefixes required for this verb (like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-), those prefixes are either:
  • For "set A" verbs: g- (before stems beginning in a vowel), ji- (before stems beginning in a consonant), or jiya- (when there is an animate object receiving the action of the verb).
  • For "set B" verbs: agw- (before stems beginning in a vowel) or agi- (before stems beginning in a consonant).
  • Jiy- or jiya- (when there is an animate object (like a person) receiving the action of the verb).
    Thus, the basic present tense is:
    *pronominal prefixes + verb root (along with sound changes) + present tense suffix (a or i)
    (*plus any obligatory pre-pronominal prefixes required for this specific verb, like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-).
    Additional prefixes and suffixes can be added to modify the meaning of most verbs. Explanations of these can be found in the following resources:
    Feeling, Durbin. 1975. Cherokee-English dictionary. ed. by William Pulte. Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.
    Montgomery-Anderson, Brad. 2015. Cherokee Reference Grammar. University of Oklahoma Press.