Entry Part of
speech
Definition Plural Verb
1st present
Verb
3rd past
Verb
3rd present habitual
Verb
2nd imperative
Verb
3rd infinitive
Sentence
ced
ᎠᏠᏱᎭ
adlohyiha
a¹dlo²hyị³ha
vi he's crying

ᎦᏠᏱᎭ
gadloyiha
gạ²dlo¹yị³ha
ᎤᏠᏱᎸᎢ
udlohyilvi
u¹dlo²hyị³lv²³Ɂi
ᎠᏠᏱᎰᎢ
adlohyihoi
a¹dlo²hyị³họ³Ɂi
ᎭᏠᏱᎦ
hadloyhga
hạ²dloyh²ga
ᎤᏠᏱᏍᏗ
udloysdi
u²dloy²sdi
ᏞᏍᏗ ᏣᏠᏱᎸᎢ.
Hlesdi jadlohyilvi.
Don't cry.

Initial Prefixes
YI
JI
WI
NI
DE
DA
DI
I
GA
E


SUBJECT
1SG ᎦᏠᏱᎭ
gatloyiha
2SG ᎭᏠᏱᎭ
hatloyiha
3SG ᎠᏠᏱᎭ
atloyiha
1DLINCL ᎢᎾᏠᏱᎭ
inatloyiha
1DLEXCL ᎣᏍᏓᏠᏱᎭ
osdatloyiha
1PLINCL ᎢᏓᏠᏱᎭ
idatloyiha
1PLEXCL ᎣᏣᏠᏱᎭ
otsatloyiha
2DL ᏍᏓᏠᏱᎭ
sdatloyiha
2PL ᎢᏣᏠᏱᎭ
itsatloyiha
3PL ᎠᎾᏠᏱᎭ
anatloyiha

* disclaimer - conjugations may be incorrect - they are for potential reference only

Show/Hide Transliteration

Present tense: actions that are ongoing in the present moment.
Present tense is constructed by adding appropriate prefixes to the present tense verb stem. The verb stem is the verb root plus the tense suffix along (either -a or -i for present tense) with changes to the root caused by sound juxtapositions.
To find the present tense stem, remove the prefixes from the "Verb 1st present" entry. Unless there are other pre-pronominal prefixes required for this verb (like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-), those prefixes are either:
  • For "set A" verbs: g- (before stems beginning in a vowel), ji- (before stems beginning in a consonant), or jiya- (when there is an animate object receiving the action of the verb).
  • For "set B" verbs: agw- (before stems beginning in a vowel) or agi- (before stems beginning in a consonant).
  • Jiy- or jiya- (when there is an animate object (like a person) receiving the action of the verb).
    Thus, the basic present tense is:
    *pronominal prefixes + verb root (along with sound changes) + present tense suffix (a or i)
    (*plus any obligatory pre-pronominal prefixes required for this specific verb, like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-).
    Additional prefixes and suffixes can be added to modify the meaning of most verbs. Explanations of these can be found in the following resources:
    Feeling, Durbin. 1975. Cherokee-English dictionary. ed. by William Pulte. Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.
    Montgomery-Anderson, Brad. 2015. Cherokee Reference Grammar. University of Oklahoma Press.