Entry Part of
speech
Definition Plural Verb
1st present
Verb
3rd past
Verb
3rd present habitual
Verb
2nd imperative
Verb
3rd infinitive
Sentence
ced
ᎠᏂᎾ
anina
a¹niɁ³na
vi they are sitting (congregation)

ᎣᏥᎾ
ojina
o¹jiɁ³na
ᎠᏂᏅᎢ
aninvi
a¹niɁ³nv²³Ɂi
ᎠᏂᏃᎢ
aninoi
a¹niɁ³no³Ɂi
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ᎡᏝᏪ ᎠᏂᏅᎢ.
Ehlawe aninvi.
They sat quietly.

Initial Prefixes
YI
JI
WI
NI
DE
DA
DI
I
GA
E


SUBJECT
1SG ᎦᏂᎾ
ganina
2SG ᎭᏂᎾ
hanina
3SG ᎠᏂᎾ
anina
1DLINCL ᎢᎾᏂᎾ
inanina
1DLEXCL ᎣᏍᏓᏂᎾ
osdanina
1PLINCL ᎢᏓᏂᎾ
idanina
1PLEXCL ᎣᏣᏂᎾ
otsanina
2DL ᏍᏓᏂᎾ
sdanina
2PL ᎢᏣᏂᎾ
itsanina
3PL ᎠᎾᏂᎾ
ananina

* disclaimer - conjugations may be incorrect - they are for potential reference only

Show/Hide Transliteration

Present tense: actions that are ongoing in the present moment.
Present tense is constructed by adding appropriate prefixes to the present tense verb stem. The verb stem is the verb root plus the tense suffix along (either -a or -i for present tense) with changes to the root caused by sound juxtapositions.
To find the present tense stem, remove the prefixes from the "Verb 1st present" entry. Unless there are other pre-pronominal prefixes required for this verb (like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-), those prefixes are either:
  • For "set A" verbs: g- (before stems beginning in a vowel), ji- (before stems beginning in a consonant), or jiya- (when there is an animate object receiving the action of the verb).
  • For "set B" verbs: agw- (before stems beginning in a vowel) or agi- (before stems beginning in a consonant).
  • Jiy- or jiya- (when there is an animate object (like a person) receiving the action of the verb).
    Thus, the basic present tense is:
    *pronominal prefixes + verb root (along with sound changes) + present tense suffix (a or i)
    (*plus any obligatory pre-pronominal prefixes required for this specific verb, like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-).
    Additional prefixes and suffixes can be added to modify the meaning of most verbs. Explanations of these can be found in the following resources:
    Feeling, Durbin. 1975. Cherokee-English dictionary. ed. by William Pulte. Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.
    Montgomery-Anderson, Brad. 2015. Cherokee Reference Grammar. University of Oklahoma Press.