Entry Part of
speech
Definition Plural Verb
1st present
Verb
3rd past
Verb
3rd present habitual
Verb
2nd imperative
Verb
3rd infinitive
Sentence
ced
ᎦᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
ganohyvhlisdiha
gạ²no²hyv²hlị²sdị³ha
vt he's causing it to sound

ᏥᏃᏴᎵᏍᏗᎭ
jinoyvlisdiha
jị²no²yv¹lị²sdị³ha
ᎤᏃᏴᏟᏍᏔᏅᎢ
unohyvhlistanvi
u¹no²hyv²hlị²stạ³nv³Ɂi
ᎦᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᏍᎪᎢ
ganohyvhlisdisgoi
gạ²no²hyv²hlị²sdi²³sgo³Ɂi
ᎯᏃᏴᏟᏍᏓ
hinohyvhlisda
hị²no²hyv²hlị²sda
ᎤᏃᏴᏟᏍᏙᏗ
unohyvhlisdohdi
u²no²hyv²hlị²sdoh³di
ᎤᎭᎸᏂ ᎤᏃᏴᏟᏍᏔᎾ ᏓᏂᎳᏫᎬ ᎤᏓᎴᏅᎲᎢ.
Uhalvni unohyvhlistana danilawigv udalenvhvi.
When he rang the bell, church services started.

Initial Prefixes
YI
JI
WI
NI
DE
DA
DI
I
GA
E


SUBJECT
OBJECT
1SG 2SG 3SGAN 3SGIN 1DLINCL 1DLEXCL 1PLINCL 1PLEXCL 2DL 2PL 3PLAN 3PLIN
1SG
ᎬᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gvnoyvtlisdiha
ᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
tsinoyvtlisdiha
ᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
tsinoyvtlisdiha




ᏍᏛᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
sdvnoyvtlisdiha
ᎢᏨᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
itsvnoyvtlisdiha
ᎦᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gatsinoyvtlisdiha
ᏕᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
detsinoyvtlisdiha
2SG ᏍᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
sginoyvtlisdiha

ᎯᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
hinoyvtlisdiha
ᎯᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
hinoyvtlisdiha
ᏍᎩᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
sgininoyvtlisdiha


ᎢᏍᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
isginoyvtlisdiha


ᎦᎯᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gahinoyvtlisdiha
ᏕᎯᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
dehinoyvtlisdiha
3SG ᎠᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
aginoyvtlisdiha
ᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
tsinoyvtlisdiha
ᎦᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
ganoyvtlisdiha
ᎦᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
ganoyvtlisdiha
ᎩᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gininoyvtlisdiha
ᎣᎩᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
ogininoyvtlisdiha
ᎢᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
iginoyvtlisdiha
ᎣᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
oginoyvtlisdiha
ᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
sdinoyvtlisdiha
ᎢᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
itsinoyvtlisdiha
ᏕᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
deginoyvtlisdiha
ᏕᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
deginoyvtlisdiha
1DLINCL

ᎡᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
eninoyvtlisdiha
ᎢᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
ininoyvtlisdiha






ᎨᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
geninoyvtlisdiha
ᏕᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
deninoyvtlisdiha
1DLEXCL
ᏍᏛᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
sdvnoyvtlisdiha
ᎣᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
osdinoyvtlisdiha
ᎣᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
osdinoyvtlisdiha




ᏍᏛᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
sdvnoyvtlisdiha
ᎢᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
itsinoyvtlisdiha
ᎪᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gosdinoyvtlisdiha
ᏙᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
dosdinoyvtlisdiha
1PLINCL

ᎡᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
edinoyvtlisdiha
ᎢᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
idinoyvtlisdiha






ᎨᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gedinoyvtlisdiha
ᏕᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
dedinoyvtlisdiha
1PLEXCL
ᎢᏨᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
itsvnoyvtlisdiha
ᎣᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
otsinoyvtlisdiha
ᎣᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
otsinoyvtlisdiha






ᎪᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gotsinoyvtlisdiha
ᏙᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
dotsinoyvtlisdiha
2DL ᏍᎩᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
sgininoyvtlisdiha

ᎡᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
esdinoyvtlisdiha
ᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
sdinoyvtlisdiha

ᏍᎩᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
sgininoyvtlisdiha

ᎢᏍᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
isginoyvtlisdiha


ᎨᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gesdinoyvtlisdiha
ᏕᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
desdinoyvtlisdiha
2PL ᎢᏍᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
isginoyvtlisdiha

ᎡᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
etsinoyvtlisdiha
ᎢᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
itsinoyvtlisdiha

ᎢᏍᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
isginoyvtlisdiha




ᎨᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
getsinoyvtlisdiha
ᏕᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
detsinoyvtlisdiha
3PL ᎬᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gvginoyvtlisdiha
ᎨᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
getsinoyvtlisdiha
ᎠᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
aninoyvtlisdiha
ᎠᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
aninoyvtlisdiha
ᎨᎩᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gegininoyvtlisdiha
ᎪᎩᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gogininoyvtlisdiha
ᎨᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
geginoyvtlisdiha
ᎪᎩᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
goginoyvtlisdiha
ᎨᏍᏗᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
gesdinoyvtlisdiha
ᎨᏥᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
getsinoyvtlisdiha
ᏓᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
daninoyvtlisdiha
ᏓᏂᏃᏴᏟᏍᏗᎭ
daninoyvtlisdiha

* disclaimer - conjugations may be incorrect - they are for potential reference only

Show/Hide Transliteration

Present tense: actions that are ongoing in the present moment.
Present tense is constructed by adding appropriate prefixes to the present tense verb stem. The verb stem is the verb root plus the tense suffix along (either -a or -i for present tense) with changes to the root caused by sound juxtapositions.
To find the present tense stem, remove the prefixes from the "Verb 1st present" entry. Unless there are other pre-pronominal prefixes required for this verb (like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-), those prefixes are either:
  • For "set A" verbs: g- (before stems beginning in a vowel), ji- (before stems beginning in a consonant), or jiya- (when there is an animate object receiving the action of the verb).
  • For "set B" verbs: agw- (before stems beginning in a vowel) or agi- (before stems beginning in a consonant).
  • Jiy- or jiya- (when there is an animate object (like a person) receiving the action of the verb).
    Thus, the basic present tense is:
    *pronominal prefixes + verb root (along with sound changes) + present tense suffix (a or i)
    (*plus any obligatory pre-pronominal prefixes required for this specific verb, like w(i)-, d(a)-, or n(i)-).
    Additional prefixes and suffixes can be added to modify the meaning of most verbs. Explanations of these can be found in the following resources:
    Feeling, Durbin. 1975. Cherokee-English dictionary. ed. by William Pulte. Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.
    Montgomery-Anderson, Brad. 2015. Cherokee Reference Grammar. University of Oklahoma Press.